Impact of zinc oxide nanoparticles on the behavior and stress indicators of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) exposed to heat stress

Table 1 Composition and chemical analysis of the commercial diet used in the experiment

Ingredient	%	Chemical analysis	%
Fish meal (72%CP)	10	Dry matter (DM %)	93.00
Soybean meal	40	Crude protein (CP %)	30.45
Yellow corn	24	Ether extract (EE %)	7.94
Wheat bran	10	Crude fiber (CF %)	4.95
Rice bran	10	Ash %	8.66
Corn oil	3	Nitrogen free extract (NFE %)	48.00
Dicalcium phosphate	1	Calculated energy	Value
Premix ^a	2	GE (kcal/kg) ^b	4496.36
ZnO-Np	0	DE (kcal/kg) ^c	3372.27
Total	100	ME (kcal/kg) ^d	3716.3

^a Each 1 kg contains: Vit. A, 4.8 I.U.; Vit. D2, 0.8 I. U; Vit E, 4.0 g; Vit. K, 0.8 gm; Vit B, 0.49, Vit. B2, 1.6 gm; Vit. B6, 0.6 gm; Vit. B12, 4 mg; pantothenic acid, 49 gm; nicotinic acid, 8 gm; folic acid, 400 mg; biotin, 20 mg; choline chloride, 200 mg; copper, 4.0 gm; iodine, 0.4 gm; iron, 12 mg; manganese, 22 gm; and selenium, 0.04 gm
^b GE (gross energy) was calculated by using factors of 5.65, 9.45, and 4.22 Kcal per gram of protein, lipid, and carbohydrate, respectively
^c DE (digestible energy) was calculated by multiplying the coefficient of 0.75 to convert gross energy to digestible energy
^d ME (metabolizable energy) was calculated using a value of 4.5 Kcal/g proteins, 8.51 Kcal/g fat, and 3.48 Kcal/g carbohydrates

ISSN: 1746-6148