Table 5 The volatile fatty acids (mg/g excreta) in the gut of an indigenous chicken breed fed a diet supplemented with dehydrated black soldier fly larvae and live black soldier fly larvae over the periods 39–147 and 39–174 days of age (means, n = 12)

Citric

1.132

1.148

0.918

1.154

0.978

0.0707

0.316

0.211

0.247

Succinic

1.662

1.448

0.911

1.39

1.29

0.178

0.201

0.767

0.917

Formic

0.734^a

0.493^b

0.388^b

0.569

0.574

0.0646

0.034

0.964

0.762

Acetic

7.71

8.03

8.12

7.75

7.02

1.320

0.130

0.784

0.258

Propionic

0.752^b

1.470^a

1.301^a

0.901

0.980

0.0301

0.014

0.188

0.589

Butyric

0.696

0.468

0.464

0.528

0.558

0.0520

0.116

0.772

0.444

Isobutyric

5.20

5.73

4.98

4.31

5.03

0.384

0.713

0.210

0.258

Valeric

2.65

3.37

4.54

4.83

4.21

0.523

0.330

0.412

0.325

Lactic

0.825^a

0.313^b

0.366^b

0.660

0.543

0.335

0.039

0.862

0.275

Total

17.7

19.8

18.6

19.3

18.1

1.37

0.672

0.821

0.117