Dietary rosemary oil with/without zymogen forte improves water quality, growth hormones, immune-physiological response, stress resilience, and health status of Chelon ramada grown in groundwater

Table 5 Histomorphometric changes (goblet cell count, villi length and width, crypts of lieberkühn length and muscle coat thickness) in the midgut of Chelon ramada fed a basal diet containing different levels of rosemary oil and/or Zymogen Forte for a 75-day rearing trial in brackish groundwater

Data are presented as mean ± SEM of 3 replicates, with different letters in the same row presenting significant differences (p < 0.05). (T₁) = fish fed BD without RO or ZF “control”; (T₂) = fish fed the BD containing 0.5 g of RO kg^− 1; (T₃) = fish fed BD containing 0.5 g of RO and 1 g of ZF kg^− 1; (T₄) = fish fed BD containing 1.0 g of RO kg^− 1; and (T₅) = fish fed BD containing 1 g of RO and 1 g of ZF kg^− 1; BD = basal diet, RO = rosemary oil; ZF = Zymogen Forte, RO*ZF = Interaction; C. length = crypts of Lieberkühn length; M.C. Thick = muscle coat thickness; GCC = Goblet cell count

ISSN: 1746-6148