Nigella sativa monophosphoryl lipid A nanoliposome: a promising antibiotic alternative and immunomodulator to control virulent pandemic drug-resistant Salmonella pullorum infection in broiler chicks

Table 3 Pathological alterations in the chicks liver of NS-MPLA-supplied, SP-challenged, and those SP-challenged, then NS-MPLA-treated at different time intervals

Organ	Pathologic alterations	NS-MPLA supplied (Group II)				SP-challenged (Group III)				NS-MPLA treated post-SP challenge (Group IV)
Organ	Pathologic alterations	1d	2d	3d	4d	1d	5d	9d	13d	1d	2d	5d	9d	13d
Liver	Hydrobic degeneration	-	-	-	-	+	+	++	-	++	+	-	-	-
	Lympho plasmo-cytic infiltration	+++	+++	+++	+	+	+	++	+	++	++	++	+++	++
	Periportal Heterophilic aggregations	-	-	+++	+	-	-	++	-	+++	++	++	+++	++
	Kupffer cell hypertrophy	+	++	+++	+	++	+	++	-	+++	++	+	+++	++
	Focal biliray proliferation	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	+	+	+	+	-

d day, SP S. pullorum, NS-MPL N. sativa- monophosphoryl lipid A nanoliposomes

ISSN: 1746-6148