Nigella sativa monophosphoryl lipid A nanoliposome: a promising antibiotic alternative and immunomodulator to control virulent pandemic drug-resistant Salmonella pullorum infection in broiler chicks

Table 5 Pathological alterations in the chicks splenic tissues of NS-MPLA-supplied, SP-challenged, and those SP-challenged, then NS-MPLA-treated at different time intervals

Organ	Pathologic alteration	NS-MPLA-supplied (Group II)				SP-challenged (Group III)				NS-MPLA treated post-SP challenge (Group IV)
Organ	Pathologic alteration	1d	2d	3d	4d	1d	5d	9d	13d	1d	2d	5d	9d	13d
Spleen	Lymphoid hyperplasia of white pulps	++	+++	+++	++	+	+	++	+	-	+++	+++	+++	+++
	Heterophils around red pulps	++	-	+++	-	-	-	-	+	-	++	++	+++	+++
	Histocytic proliferation	+++	+++	+++	++	+++	+	++	+	++	+++	+++	+++	+++
	Lymphocytic infiltration in red pulps	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	+	+++	++	++	++

d day, SP S. pullorum, NS-MPL N. sativa- monophosphoryl lipid A nanoliposomes

ISSN: 1746-6148