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Table 1 Impact of nano chitosan gel (NCG) bath and/or C. albicans infection on frequencies of behavioral pattern (m−1( of Nile tilapia for ten days

From: Nano-chitosan hydrogel alleviates Candida albicans-induced health alterations in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus): antioxidant response, neuro-behaviors, hepato-renal functions, and histopathological investigation

Behavior

Control

NCG

C. albicans

NCG + C. albicans

P-value

Loss of equilibrium

0.00 ± 0.00c

0.00 ± 0.00c

6.45 ± 0.04a

3.31 ± 0.02b

< 0.001

Surfacing

0.31 ± 0.02c

0.38 ± 0.02c

3.30 ± 007a

2.08 ± 0.08b

< 0.001

Abnormal swimming

1.14 ± 0.03c

1.21 ± 0.02c

9.85 ± 0.17a

5.36 ± 0.09b

< 0.001

Resting

1.34 ± 0.03c

1.32 ± 0.07c

3.77 ± 0.06a

2.05 ± 0.03b

< 0.001

Abnormal movement

     

Vertical movement

0.00 ± 00c

0.00 ± 0.00c

3.04 ± 0.02a

1.93 ± 0.04b

< 0.001

Circular movement

0.00 ± 00c

0.00 ± 00c

3.37 ± 0.22a

0.99 ± 0.10b

< 0.001

Aggressive behaviour

Chasing

0.15 ± 0.01c

0.18 ± 0.01c

3.29 ± 0.16a

1.90 ± 0.06b

< 0.001

Mouth pushing

0.00 ± 00c

0.00 ± 0.27c

2.10 ± 0.17a

1.30 ± 0.17b

< 0.001

Approach

0.55 ± 0.03c

0.60 ± 0.11c

4.09 ± 0.05a

2.25 ± 0.02b

< 0.001

Fin tugging

0.66 ± 0.02

0.73 ± 0.02

1.05 ± 0.09

1.00 ± 0.01

0.43

Fleeing

0.84 ± 0.02c

0.89 ± 0.03c

6.35 ± 0.20a

3.25 ± 0.14b

< 0.001

Butting

0.00 ± 00

0.00 ± 00

0.15 ± 0.14

0.10 ± 0.02

0.07

  1. Values (means ± SE) that do not share similar superscripts in the same row differ substantially (One way ANOVA; P < 0.05)