Sodium butyrate alleviates high ambient temperature-induced oxidative stress, intestinal structural disruption, and barrier integrity for growth and production in growing layer chickens

Table 8 Effects of ambient temperature and different levels of sodium butyrate (SB) on inflammation and tight junction-related mRNA expression during the growing stage of laying chickens

Parameters	MUC-2	Occludin	ZO-1	Claudin-1	TLR4	NF-κB	TGFβ	IFNγ	TNFα	IL-10
Ambient temperature (T)
L, 25 °C	0.92	0.98^a	1.07^a	1.08^a	1.09	0.89	1.11^b	1.11	1.01	1.45^a
H, 35 °C	0.80	0.79^b	0.80^b	0.77^b	1.17	1.03	2.07^a	1.56	1.12	0.82^b
Sodium Butyrate (SB)
SB1, 0 g/kg diet	0.89	0.90	0.92	0.92	1.31	1.20^a	1.96^a	1.92^a	1.17	1.14
SB2, 0.5 g/kg diet	0.90	0.90	0.99	0.97	1.01	0.81^b	1.10^b	1.02^b	0.99	1.27
SB3, 1 g/kg diet	0.79	0.86	0.91	0.88	1.07	0.87^b	1.72^a	1.06^b	1.03	1.00
Interaction T × SB
LSB1	1.04	1.04	1.04	1.11	1.17	1.14	1.13^b	1.28	1.11	1.56
LSB2	0.96	0.98	1.15	1.17	1.01	0.70	1.08^b	1.00	0.95	1.63
LSB3	0.78	0.92	1.02	0.98	1.07	0.82	1.14^b	1.04	0.98	1.17
HSB1	0.75	0.76	0.79	0.73	1.45	1.27	2.79^a	2.56	1.23	0.72
HSB2	0.85	0.82	0.82	0.78	1.01	0.92	1.12^b	1.04	1.04	0.91
HSB3	0.83	0.80	0.80	0.78	1.07	0.92	2.30^a	1.07	1.08	0.82
SEM	0.13	0.10	0.11	0.15	0.18	0.17	0.32	0.33	0.14	0.37
Two ways probabilities*
T	0.261	0.043	0.006	0.015	0.559	0.291	0.001	0.099	0.376	0.043
SB	0.620	0.903	0.757	0.828	0.232	0.051	0.029	0.013	0.442	0.763
T × SB	0.509	0.743	0.898	0.817	0.670	0.942	0.046	0.102	0.990	0.792

MUC-2 mucin-2, ZO-1 zonula occludens-1, TLR-4 toll-like receptor-4, NF-κB nuclear factor kappa B, TFG-β transforming growth factor –β, TNF-α tumour necrosis factor- α, IFN- γ interferon- γ, IL-10 interleukin-10, L Low ambient temperature, H High ambient temperature, SEM standard error of the mean. LSB1: group fed without sodium butyrate (SB) supplement at low temperature, LSB2: group fed 0.5 SB g/kg diet at low temperature, LSB3: group fed 1.0 SB g/kg diet at low temperature, HSB1: group fed without SB supplement at high temperature, HSB2: group fed 0.5 SB g/kg diet at high temperature, HSB3: group fed 1.0 SB g/kg diet at high temperature
^a;bValues in the same column with different letter superscripts mean significant differences (P < 0.05 Data represent treatment mean ± SEM from n = 9 chicks analyzed per treatment
^*Overall treatment P-value

ISSN: 1746-6148