Table 1 Larval mortality (LM) and larval repellency (Rep) effects of T. vulgaris EO and nano EO, Thymol and p-cymene on R. sanguineus larva. The results are represented as Mean ± SEM

T. vulgaris EO

LM

1.1 ± 1.0 ^a

6.1 ± 2.3 ^a

8.4 ± 4.03 ^ab✦

95.3 ± 2.1 ^b✦✦

100 ^b✦✦

100 ^b✦✦

Rep

1.6 ± 0.2

1.8 ± 0.2

1.8 ± 0.2

2 ± 0.0

2.2 ± 0.2

2.8 ± 0.2

T. vulgaris

Nano

LM

88.9 ± 3.4 ^b✦✦

98.7 ± 0.8 ^b✦✦

100 ^b✦✦

100 ^b✦✦

100 ^b✦✦

100 ^b✦✦

Rep

2.6 ± 0.2

2.8 ± 0.2

3 ± 0.0

2.2 ± 0.2

3 ± 0.0

3 ± 0.0

2.5 †

5

10

20

40

60

Thymol

LM

3.3 ± 0.8 ^a

14.4 ± 1.5 ^b✦

100 ^c✦✦

100 ^c✦✦

100 ^c✦✦

NE

Rep

1 ± 0.0

2 ± 0.0

2 ± 0.0

3 ± 0.0

3 ± 0.0

-

P-cymene

LM

1.34 ± 0.3 ^a

0.6 ± 0.3 ^a

3.3 ± 1.2 ^a

5.8 ± 1.3 ^ab✦

6.2 ± 1.1 ^ab✦

86.9 ± 3.6 ^b✦✦

Rep

1.4 ± 0.2

2.2 ± 0.2

2 ± 0.0

2.2 ± 0.2

NE

NE