Fig. 4

External arthropods detected on fly exoskeletons showing different stages of mites (eggs, nymphs, and adults) (a-d). e & f: Midge larvae were detected via direct smearing, iodine-stained and coinfested with other nematode larvae. g & h: Pseudoscorpions infesting Musca domestica and Physiphora alceae fly exoskeletons, respectively