Fig. 5

Analyses of dead/live bacteria in E. coli D5 biofilms treated with linalool for 24 h. (A) Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) images of linalool at 0, 1, and 2 µL/mL linalool; green, live bacteria, red, dead bacteria; images from three independent replicates with 20 μm bars are representative. (B) Biomass of live cells in the biofilm. (C) Biomass of dead cells in the biofilm. (D) The proportion of dead to viable cells within a biofilm. A specimen of 0 µL/mL linalool was employed as a control. Data represent the mean ± SD of three separate experiments. Different lower cases indicate significant differences, and adjacent letters indicate significant variations compared to previous data (p < 0.05). Indirect letters signify highly significant variations (p < 0.01)