Winged bean tuber as a novel alternative to corn meal in concentrate mixture in Thai native beef cattle diets

BMC Veterinary Research

Table 1 Ingredients and chemical composition of concentrate, rice straw, and winged bean tuber (WBT)

Item Ingredient, kg of dry matter (DM)	% Winged bean tuber replacement				RS	WBT	Corn
Item Ingredient, kg of dry matter (DM)	0%	33%	66%	100%
Cassava chips	30.0	30.0	34.0	35.0
Ground corn	20.0	13.4	6.8	0.0
Soybean meal	15.0	15.0	11.0	10.0
Rice bran	15.0	15.0	15.0	15.0
Palm kernel meal	16.0	16.0	16.0	16.0
WBT	0.0	6.6	13.2	20.0
Urea	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5
Minerals and vitamins^*	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0
Molasses	1.5	1.5	1.5	1.5
Salt	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0
Chemical composition
Dry matter (DM), g/kg	927	920	919	922	941	925	898
Organic matter, g/kg DM	952	955	955	946	880	974	982
Crude protein, g/kg DM	142	144	145	145	44	225	71
Neutral detergent fiber, g/kg DM	257	286	308	329	733	314	113
Acid detergent fiber, g/kg DM	116	117	126	136	450	144	33
GE, MJ/kg	15.9	15.6	15.7	3.8	14.2	16.3	15.7

* Minerals and vitamins (each kg contains): vitamin A: 10,000,000 IU; vitamin E: 70,000 IU; vitamin D: 1,600,000 IU; Fe: 50 g; Zn: 40 g; Mn: 40 g; Co: 0.1 g; Cu: 10 g; Se: 0.1 g; I: 0.5 g
T1, T2, T3, and T4 = corn replaced by WBT at 0, 33, 67, and 100%, respectively; RS = rice straw; WBT = winged bean tuber; GE = Gross energy

ISSN: 1746-6148