Winged bean tuber as a novel alternative to corn meal in concentrate mixture in Thai native beef cattle diets

BMC Veterinary Research

Table 4 The effect of the winged bean tuber to replace corn in concentrate mixture on volatile fatty acids profiles in beef cattle

Item	% Winged bean tuber replacement				SEM	Contrast
Item	0%	33%	66%	100%	SEM	L	Q
Total volatile fatty acid, mM
0 h post feeding	95.12	96.19	95.54	97.31	1.45	0.17	0.71
4 h post feeding	105.81	104.54	106.42	107.42	1.49	0.18	0.30
Mean	100.47	100.37	100.98	102.37	1.07	0.13	0.06
Acetic acid, mol/100 mol
0 h post feeding	69.36	68.17	67.81	66.89	0.59	< 0.01	0.74
4 h post feeding	71.55	70.24	67.21	67.10	0.65	< 0.01	0.11
Mean	70.45	69.20	67.51	67.00	0.41	< 0.01	0.14
Propionic acid, mol/100 mol
0 h post feeding	18.92	18.96	19.93	20.15	0.52	0.02	0.83
4 h post feeding	19.16	20.73	23.52	24.31	0.69	< 0.01	0.35
Mean	19.04	19.85	21.73	22.23	0.43	< 0.01	0.66
Butyric acid, mol/100 mol
0 h post feeding	11.72	12.87	12.26	12.96	0.78	0.27	0.55
4 h post feeding	9.29	9.03	9.27	8.59	0.72	0.58	0.56
Mean	10.51	10.95	10.76	10.77	0.56	0.66	0.43
Acetic acid: Propionic acid ratio
0 h post feeding	3.67	3.59	3.40	3.32	0.11	< 0.01	0.96
4 h post feeding	3.73	3.39	2.86	2.76	0.11	< 0.01	0.14
Mean	3.70	3.49	3.13	3.04	0.08	<0.01	0.28

SEM = standard error of the mean; T1, T2, T3, and T4 = corn replaced by WBT at 0, 33, 67, and 100%, respectively; WBT = winged bean tuber

ISSN: 1746-6148