Table 2 Scoring system for evaluating changes in lip shape and inflammatory reactions in camels following treatment, based on clinical observations of swelling, distortion, asymmetry, and inflammatory signs such as redness and tissue alteration

Lip Shape Changes

The lips maintain their original shape without any observable alterations, no swelling, distortion, or asymmetry present.

0 No change

Slight, barely noticeable changes, minimal swelling or faint asymmetry, but the overall structure of the lips is largely preserved.

1 Mild change

More pronounced changes in lip shape, noticeable swelling, moderate distortion, or visible asymmetry; the altered shape is discernible but not severe.

2 Moderate change

Drastic alterations in lip shape, significant swelling, severe distortion, marked asymmetry, dropping of lower lips, deformed or dysfunctional lips.

3 Severe changes

Inflammatory Reactions

Completely normal appearance, no visible signs of inflammation such as redness, swelling, or tissue alteration; consistent texture and color of the skin with surrounding areas.

0 No reaction

Slight redness or minimal swelling, subtle and localized changes related to the immediate area of injection, no significant impact on surrounding tissues; minor tenderness upon touch but no discomfort otherwise.

1 Mild reaction

Noticeable redness and swelling, pronounced inflammation contained within a defined area, moderate tenderness or discomfort, signs of involvement of surrounding tissue; no observation of necrosis or severe damage.

2 Moderate reaction

Marked redness and significant swelling, severe signs such as necrosis, tissue hardening, or fluid accumulation; extension of the reaction beyond the immediate injection area affecting nearby tissues, functional impairment or tissue damage, severe pain or discomfort.

3 Severe reactions