Table 4 Regression model of pet caregiver burden (dependent variable = 7-item ZBI score)

(Constant)

11.663^***

7.840^***

8.005^***

Owner gender (Male = 1)

0.050

1.386

0.071

2.042^*

0.068

1.972^*

Owner age

− 0.141

-3.937^***

− 0.102

-2.953^**

− 0.097

-2.820^**

Household income

0.039

1.076

0.013

0.371

0.006

0.182

Species (Dog = 1)

0.074

2.079^*

0.063

1.832

0.057

1.642

Pet age

− 0.111

-2.620^**

− 0.101

-2.484^*

− 0.096

-2.363^*

Pet health status (Acute/curable = 1)

0.139

3.869^***

0.123

3.571^***

0.106

3.043^**

Pet health status (Chronic/terminal = 1)

0.059

1.397

0.062

1.532

0.033

0.746

Attachment (LAPS)

− 0.093

-2.546^*

− 0.047

-1.308

− 0.068

-1.828

Care support (Emotional)

− 0.120

-3.302^**

− 0.131

-3.587^***

Care support (Financial)

0.238

5.962^***

0.237

5.932^***

Care support (Practical)

0.089

2.262^*

0.076

1.913

Veterinary visit(s) per year

0.042

0.962

Actual veterinary costs

0.030

0.686

Veterinary communication about pet care (Frequency)

0.089

2.534^*

F

6.940^***

11.742^***

9.990^***

Adjusted R²

0.058

0.134

0.141