Haematological and biochemical reference values for Bonelli’s eagles in the wild and in captivity: implications for conservation and rehabilitation programs

Table 6 RI and descriptives of biochemical parameters for the reference population of free wild Bonelli’s eagle nestlings

Parameter	Units	xRI	mean(sd), median	min	max	n	Stat significance
Alb	\(g\; L^{-1}\)	12.7 - 21.8	18(2.4), 18.5	12.0	24.0	68
AST	\(U L^{-1}\)	125.84 - 455.75	213.07(67.44), 202.0	119.8	518.6	70	a^***
Ca	\(mmol.L^{-1}\)	2.28 - 3.49	2.77(0.4), 2.73	1.61	3.82	64
Cho	\(mmol.L^{-1}\)	2.82 - 11.29	7.06(2.16), 6.53	3.75	12.24	36
CPK	\(U.L^{-1}\)	1154.77 - 4930.45	3042.61(963.2), 2856.0	1377.0	5590.0	69	a^***
Crea	\(\mu mol.L^{-1}\)	-	49.50(48.62), 30.94	0.88	155.58	14
Glu	\(mmol.L^{-1}\)	11.57 - 25.91	16.79(3.16), 16.26	11.52	26.22	69
Phos	\(mmol.L^{-1}\)	1.41 - 3.11	2.07(0.45), 2.02	1.18	3.95	68	a^**
K	\(mmol.L^{-1}\)	3.16 - 9.52	5.54(1.84), 5.1	2.4	11.9	63	a^***
Na	\(mmol.L^{-1}\)	138.52 - 162.38	148.31(11.45), 146.0	126.0	211.0	60
TP	\(g.L^{-1}\)	22.6 - 61.4	38.3(10.1), 35.0	16.0	63.0	60	a^**
UA	\(\mu mol.L^{-1}\)	243.87 - 1382.91	688.78(305.73), 618.59	243.87	1391.83	70	a^***

Mean(sd), median, minimum and maximum values and number of reference samples used to determine RI (n) are included. When less than 20 reference samples were available, only descriptives are presented. In the case of a parameter containing too many zero values to calculate a RI, a range of observed values is presented. Alb Albumin, AST Aspartate aminotransferase, Ca Calcium, Cho Cholesterol, CPK Creatine phosphokinase, Crea Creatinine, Glu Glucose, Phos Phosphorus, K Potassium, Na Sodium, TP Total protein, and UA Uric Acid. Results of U Test (p value) a: Differences between wild and captive nestlings \(p<0.001\)^***, \(p<0.01\)^**

ISSN: 1746-6148