Table 1 Characteristics of study subjects

Total subjects

460

75

216

169

Sex

 Male

262

68

100

94

 Female

198

7

116

75

Neuter State

 Intact

24

9

6

9

 Neutered

436

66

210

160

Breed

 Maltese

126

28

37

61

 Pomeranian

96

8

47

41

 Poodle

50

10

26

14

 Shih-Tzu

50

4

23

23

 Chihuahua

35

2

20

13

 Cocker Spaniel

3

-

2

1

 Pekinese

11

-

11

-

 Spitz

8

-

4

4

 Schnauzer

8

3

5

-

 Dachshund

15

9

4

2

 Bichon Frise

4

-

-

4

 Coton de Tulear

4

-

4

-

 Yorkshire Terrier

3

-

3

-

 Mixed

45

10

29

6

 Others

2

1

1

-

Age

 mean ± SD, y

12.12 ± 4.92

11.30 ± 2.43

12.45 ± 2.79

12.6 ± 2.28

 < 7, y

13

4

5

4

 7–9 y

42

8

24

10

 9–11 y

76

18

38

20

 11–13 y

114

24

46

44

 13–15 y

138

13

59

66

 > 15, y

70

6

41

23

Body Condition Score

 mean ± SD

5.02 ± 1.30

5.15 ± 1.51

5.07 ± 1.38

4.90 ± 1.07

 1–3

48

12

25

11

 4–6

341

45

153

143

 7–9

64

16

35

13

Echocardiography

 mean ± SD

7.04 ± 1.91

4.48 ± 0.50

6.38 ± 0.48

9.10 ± 1.19

 LAAo

1.72 ± 0.36

1.48 ± 0.12

1.55 ± 0.24

2.04 ± 0.32

 LVIDDn

1.59 ± 0.63

1.34 ± 0.21

1.48 ± 0.27

1.84 ± 0.24

 FS (%)

58.66 ± 26.22

42.01 ± 5.99

58.95 ± 9.73

62.59 ± 9.78

 E-peak

0.96 ± 0.29

0.77 ± 0.19

0.85 ± 0.20

1.18 ± 0.28