Table 4 Antimicrobial prescription and usage practices of surveyed veterinarians in Palestine 2024
Variable | Number of Veterinarian, n (%) | Confidence interval (95%) |
|---|---|---|
Do you feel that you sometimes overprescribe antimicrobials? | ||
Yes | 16(15.4) | 9.6,23.1 |
Sometimes | 21(20.2) | 12.5,27.9 |
No | 67(64.4) | 55.8,74.0 |
On average, how often are antimicrobials used in the cases you deal with in your practice? | ||
< 20 | 4(3.8) | 1.0,7.7 |
20–40 | 18(17.3) | 10.6,25.0 |
41–60 | 43(41.3) | 31.7,51.9 |
61–80 | 38(36.5) | 27.9,46.2 |
81–100 | 1(1.0) | 0.0,2.9 |
Can you prescribe antimicrobials without additional supervision, approval or supervision? | ||
Yes | 28(26.9) | 18.3,35.6 |
Sometimes | 46(44.2) | 34.6,54.8 |
No | 30(28.8) | 20.2,37.5 |
Are antimicrobials used for prevention? | ||
Yes | 15(14.4) | 7.7,21.2 |
Sometimes | 33(31.7) | 23.1,41.3 |
No | 56(53.8) | 44.2,63.5 |
What is your estimate regarding antimicrobial prescription at your facility or clinic? | ||
Some antimicrobials are not prescribed adequately | 15(14.4) | 7.7,21.2 |
Some antimicrobials are overprescribed | 17(16.3) | 9.6,23.1 |
All antimicrobials are prescribed appropriately | 72(69.2) | 60.6,77.9 |
Do you always rely on clinical signs and symptoms when prescribing an antimicrobial? | ||
Yes | 89(85.6) | 78.8,92.3 |
Sometimes | 13(12.5) | 6.7,19.2 |
No | 2(1.9) | 0.0,4.8 |
Is there a well-equipped laboratory facility to perform antimicrobial susceptibility testing (ABST) in or near your location? | ||
Yes | 41(39.4) | 29.8,49.0 |
No | 63(60.6) | 51.0,70.2 |
Do you depend on laboratory results before prescribing an antimicrobial? | ||
Yes | 8(7.7) | 2.9,13.5 |
Sometimes | 73(70.2) | 60.6,79.8 |
No | 23(22.1) | 14.4,29.8 |
Do any of the factors below affect your decision when choosing to prescribe an antimicrobial to a patient? (Select All that Apply) (n = 435) | ||
The cost of the antimicrobial | 57(12.6) | |
Method of administration | 50(11.0) | |
Frequency of patient visits | 30(6.6) | |
Withdrawal Period | 77(17.0) | |
Regulations and laws | 18(4.0) | |
Financial benefit and profit | 18(4.0) | |
Drug Interaction | 51(11.3) | |
Culture and Sensitivity | 34(7.5) | |
Distribution in affected tissues | 29(6.4) | |
Antimicrobial resistance | 57(12.6) | |
It is often the case that antimicrobials are not justified in a condition, but the client insists that they are needed | 20(4.4) | |
Recommendations from other veterinarians | 12(2.6) | |
How often do you advise a farmer to administer antimicrobials over a phone conversation? | ||
I don’t do that | 29(27.9) | 20.2,37.5 |
Sometimes | 71(68.3) | 58.7,76.9 |
Always | 4(3.8) | 1.0,7.7 |
Do you write antimicrobial prescriptions for farmers who come to your workplace without bringing their animals? | ||
Yes | 29(27.9) | 19.2,36.5 |
Sometimes | 35(33.7) | 25.0,42.3 |
No | 40(38.5) | 29.8,48.1 |
Do you require the farmer to administer subsequent doses of antimicrobials after the first dose of treatment? | ||
Yes | 96(92.3) | 86.5,97.1 |
No | 8(7.7) | 2.9,13.5 |
Do farmers cooperate in completing the course of antimicrobials you have specified? | ||
Yes | 35(33.7) | 25.0,42.3 |
Sometimes | 50(48.1) | 38.5,57.7 |
No | 19(18.3) | 11.5,26.0 |
In your opinion, what percentage of your clients adhere to prescribed antimicrobial instructions? | ||
< 20 | 20(19.2) | 11.5,26.9 |
20–40 | 15(14.4) | 8.7,22.1 |
41–60 | 30(28.8) | 20.2,38.5 |
61–80 | 26(25.0) | 16.4,33.7 |
81–100 | 13(12.5) | 6.7,19.2 |