Table 8 Survey responses: veterinarian recommendations to antimicrobial use and combat antimicrobial resistance in Palestine, 2024

Education and Training

- Organize training courses and workshops for healthcare professionals, farmers, and veterinarians.

- Educate veterinarians on the One Health approach.

- Distribute guidelines on the proper use of antimicrobials.

- Implement sensitivity testing before prescribing antimicrobials.

- Provide specialized training and workshops for healthcare and agricultural professionals.

- Ensure prescriptions are based on laboratory results and penalize unauthorized practitioners.

Regulation and Oversight

- Monitor and regulate the use of antimicrobials in animal-based products.

- Strengthen awareness, strict supervision, and impose sanctions for misuse.

- Enforce laws against the sale of antimicrobials without prescriptions.

- Require sensitivity tests before prescribing antimicrobials.

- Establish veterinary labs for disease identification and treatments.

- Conduct workshops to educate stakeholders on risks and proper practices.

- Intensify testing for antimicrobial residues in animal products.

- Ensure accessible and affordable sensitivity testing facilities.

- Restrict antimicrobial distribution to licensed veterinarians with strict penalties for violations.

Public Awareness and Collaboration

- Promote organic farming and immune boosters to reduce antimicrobial use.

- Educate on the risks of antimicrobial resistance and the importance of proper use.

- Collaborate globally to share best practices and reduce misuse.

Research and Development

- Invest in research for antimicrobial alternatives and resistance mechanisms.

- Support the development of vaccines and non-antimicrobial treatments for animal diseases.

Enforcement and Compliance

- Monitor and enforce compliance with antimicrobial regulations through audits and inspections.

- Establish a pharmacovigilance center to monitor antimicrobial use and detect adverse effects.