Table 3 Physiological Parameters in African Catfish After 6 Weeks of Moringa Treatments

Haematological parameters

 PCV (%)

29.33 ± 1.25

29.33 ± 1.70

29.00 ± 0.82

 WBCs (cells/mm³)

9.53 ± 1.03 × 10³

10.63 ± 0.29 × 10³*

11.07 ± 1.23 × 10³*

Liver function

 ALT (U/L)

17.8 ± 0.3

18.2 ± 0.6

30.2 ± 1.1*

 AST (U/L)

34.6 ± 0.7

35.8 ± 1.1

53.0 ± 1.6*

Kidney function

 Creatinine (mg/dL)

0.35 ± 0.01

0.38 ± 0.02

0.69 ± 0.04*

 Urea (mmol/L)

23.0 ± 0.4

24.2 ± 0.7

39.8 ± 0.9*

Stress indicators

 Glucose (mg/dL)

74.8 ± 2.6

76.9 ± 3.4

113.3 ± 3.8*

 Cortisol (μg/dL)

14.1 ± 0.8

15.3 ± 1.0

27.4 ± 1.3*

Oxidative status

 SOD (U/mL)

11.7 ± 0.4

15.1 ± 0.5*

7.4 ± 0.6*

 MDA (nmol/mL)

16.2 ± 0.5

12.1 ± 0.4*

27.2 ± 1.0*

Serum cytokines

 TNF-α (pg/mL)

29.0 ± 0.5

33.2 ± 0.5*

44.3 ± 1.0*

 IL- 1β (pg/mL)

11.2 ± 0.4

14.1 ± 0.4*

19.6 ± 0.4*

 IL- 6 (pg/mL)

52.3 ± 0.6

58.8 ± 0.5*

68.3 ± 1.1*